tem-I-¯n-se X-só G-ähpw h-en-b P-\m-[n]-Xy {]-{Io-b hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn ]qÀ-¯n-bm¡n-b C-´y aq-óv ]-Xn-äm-ïn-\v ti-jw C-Xm-Zy-am-bn cm-Pyw `-cn-¡m-\p-Å A-h-Im-iw H-scm-ä I-£n-bv-¡v am-{X-am-bn \ð-In. 284 ko-äp-I-fnð hn-P-bn-¨ _n-sP-]n H-ä-bv-¡v tI-h-e-`q-cn]-£w t\-Sn-b-t¸mÄ _n-sP-]n t\-XrXzw sIm-Sp-¯ F³-Un-F 339 ko-äp-I-fnð hn-P-bn-¨n-«p-ïv. 1984 ð tIm¬-{K-Êv N-cn-{X-hnP-bw t\-Sn-b-t¸mÄ 2 ko-äp-I-fnð H-Xp-§n-t¸m-b _n-sP-]n-bnð \n-óm-Wv C-{X-b-[n-Iw ko-äp-I-Ä t\-Sn ]mÀ-«n A-[n-Im-c-¯n-se-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-ó-Xv.
\-tc{µ-tam-Un F-ó H-cp hy-àn-bnð A-[n-ãn-Xam-b {]-N-c-W-{]-{Io-b hnP-bw I-ï-Xn-sâ B-Ëm-Z-¯n-em-Wv _n-sP]n. tam-Zn X-cw-Kw D-sïópw C-sñ-ópw A-`n-{]m-b-§-fp-b-cp-t¼mgpw \n-e-hn-se hn-P-b-¯n-\v ]n-ónð H-cp tam-Un ^m-ÎÀ D-ïm-bn-cp-óp F-óv F-Xn-cm-fn-Ifpw k-½-Xn-¡p-ópïv. F-Xn-cm-fnI-sf sh-«n-\n-c¯n-sIm-ïv t\-Xr-Øm-\-t¯-¡v D-bÀ-óp-h-ó \-tc{µ-tam-Zn-bp-sS ZoÀ-L-ho-£-W-am-Wv C-¡p-dn _n-sP-]n-bv-¡v N-cn-{X-hnP-bw k-½m-\n-¨-sX-óv ]-d-bm-sX h¿.
i-àam-b {]-Nm-c-W-X-{´-§-fm-Wv C-¡p-dn \-tam-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-¯nð ]mÀ-«n \-S-¸n-em-¡n-bXv. H-cp {]-kn-U³-jyð kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-seó t]m-se \-tc{µ-tam-Zn-sb {]-[m-\-a{´n Øm-\-t¯-¡v D-bÀ-¯n-Im-«n-b-t¸mÄ cm-Py-¯n-\v i-à-\m-b, IÀ-¡-i-¡m-c\m-b H-cp {]-[m-\-a-{´n-sb B-Wv B-h-iyw F-óv ]-d-bm-sX ]-d-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-óp _n-sP]n. au-\w `q-j-W-am¡n-b a³-tam-l³-knw-Kn-t\-¡mÄ i-àam-b \n-e-]m-Sp-Ifpw A-`n-{]m-b-§-fp-ap-Å \-tc{µ-tam-Zn {]-[m-\-a{´n Øm-\-t¯-¡v h-c-pó-Xv cm-Py-¯n-\v Kp-Ww sN-¿p-saó tXm-óð kr-ãn-¡m\pw {]-Nm-c-W-X-{´-§Ä-¡v I-gn-ªp. Kp-P-dm-¯v tam-Uð hn-I-k\-s¯ D-bÀ-¯n-]n-Sn¨p-sIm-ïv cm-Py-sa-¼mSpw \-S¯n-b \-tam-bp-sS {]-N-c-W-]-cn-]m-SnIÄ Hmtcm kw-Øm\-s¯ Ip-dn¨pw hy-àam-b Im-gv-N-¸m-Sp-IÄ D-Å hy-àn-bm-Wv \-tc{µ-tam-Zn-sbó tXm-óepw kr-ãn-¨p.
tkm-jyð ao-Un-b-tbbpw Hm¬-sse³ kw-hn-[m-\-§-tfbpw ^-e-{]-Z-am-bn {]-N-c-W-X-{´-§-fn-te-¡v F-¯n¨ tam-Zn \h thm-«À-am-sc G-sd kzm-[o-\n-¡p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp.
C-´y-bnð G-II-£n `-c-W-¯n-sâ Im-ew I-gn-ªp F-ó I-cp-Xn-bn-cn-¡-th-bm-Wv `-c-W-kp-Øn-c-Xbpw hn-I-k-\-hpw F-ó hm-Kv-Zm-\w ap-tóm-«p-h-¨ _n-sP-]n-tbbpw tZin-b P-\m-[n]-Xy k-Jy-t¯bpw C-Xnlm-k hn-P-b-t¯m-sS P-\-§Ä A-[n-Im-c-¯n-te-dn-bn-cn-¡p-óXv. {Zp-X km-¼¯n-I h-fÀ-¨, sXm-gn-e-h-k-c§Ä, tem-I-\n-e-hm-c-¯n-ep-Å A-SnØm-\ ku-I-cy-hn-I-k-\w Xp-S§n-b \n-ch-[n hm-Kv-Zm-\-§-fm-Wv \-tam-bpw _n-sP-]nbpw ap-tóm-«v h-¨n-cn-¡p-ó-Xv.
hn-I-k-\-¯n-sâ A-Sn-Øm-\w H-cp cm-Py-s¯ `-c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-sâ kp-Øn-c-X-bp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp F-ó-Xn-\mð \-tc{µ-tam-Zn-bv-¡v X-sâ hm-Kv-Zm-\w \-S-¸n-em¡p-I Io-dm-ap-«n B-bn-cn-¡nñ. cm-Py-¯v BZyw thï-Xv iu-Nm-e-§-fm-sWópw tZ-hm-e-b-§Ä ]n-óo-Sv a-Xn-sbópw ]-dªp-sIm-ïv X-sâ hnI-k-\ Im-gv-N-¸m-Sp-IÄ i-àn-bp-àw Xpd-óv ]-dª tam-Zn-bv-¡v {]-[m-\-a{´n ]-Z-¯nepw A-tX BÀ-Öw \n-e-\nÀ-t¯ï-Xv B-h-iy-amWv.
_n-sP-]n-bp-sS sF-Xn-lmkn-I hnP-bw kp-Øn-c-kÀ-¡mÀ F-ó kz-]v-\w km-£m-Xv-I-cn-¡p-I-bmWv. Hm-l-cn-hn-]-Wn-bn-epïm-b i-àam-b Ne-\w t]mepw C-Xn-sâ kq-N-\-bm-Wv. ln-µn-ta-J-e Xq-¯p-hmcn-sIm-ïpÅ tam-Zn-bp-sS {]-I-S-\-¯nð tIm¬-{KÊn-s\m-¸w ]-e kw-Øm-\-I-£n-I-Ä¡pw th-c-äp-t]mbn. F-kv]n, _n-F-kv]n, emep, \o-Xo-jv Xp-S-§n-hÀ-s¡mópw \n-e-sXm-Sm-\m-bnñ. _w-Km-fnð a-a-Xm _m-\À-Pnbpw X-an-gv-\m-«nð P-b-e-fn-Xbpw t\Sn-b hn-P-bw am-{X-am-Wv CXn-s\m-cp A-]-hmZw. F-ómð Iq-«pI-£n `-c-W-¯n-\v km-[y-X-bnñm-¯-Xn-\mð CuÀ-¡n-en-]mÀ-«n-I-fp-sS A-[n-Im-c-tam-lw sIm-ïp-Å hn-e-t]-ið C-\n \-S-¡nñ.
hn-I-k-\-¯n-sâ A-Sn-Øm-\w H-cp cm-Py-s¯ `-c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-sâ kp-Øn-c-X-bp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp F-ó-Xn-\mð \-tc{µ-tam-Zn-bv-¡v X-sâ hm-Kv-Zm-\w \-S-¸n-em¡p-I Io-dm-ap-«n B-bn-cn-¡nñ. cm-Py-¯v BZyw thï-Xv iu-Nm-e-§-fm-sWópw tZ-hm-e-b-§Ä ]n-óo-Sv a-Xn-sbópw ]-dªp-sIm-ïv X-sâ hnI-k-\ Im-gv-N-¸m-Sp-IÄ i-àn-bp-àw Xpd-óv ]-dª tam-Zn-bv-¡v {]-[m-\-a{´n ]-Z-¯nepw A-tX BÀ-Öw \n-e-\nÀ-t¯ï-Xv B-h-iy-amWv.
N-cn-{X-¯n-se X-só G-ähpw hen-b Xn-cn-¨-Sn-bm-Wv tIm¬-{K-Ên-\v t\-cn-«Xv. ]-¯v h-À-jw cm-Pyw `-cn¨ tIm¬-{K-Êv sh-dpw 44 ko-än-te-¡v H-Xp§n. ap-Jy-{]-Xn-]-£ I-£n-bm-Im³ 55 ko-äp-IÄ th-W-sa-ón-cn-t¡ tIm¬-{K-Ên-\v {]-Xn-]-£ t\-Xr-Øm-\w In-«-W-sa-¦nð k-Jy-I-£n-I-fp-sS Icp-W th-ïn-h-cpw. am-{X-añ Xn-c-sª-Sp-¸v ]qÀ-Æ k-Jy-ap-sï-óv Nq-ïn-¡m-«n aqómw apó-Wn {]-Xn-]-£-Øm-\-¯n-\v A-h-Im-i-ap-ó-bn-¨mð A´n-a Xo-cp-am-\w kv-]o-¡-dp-tS-Xm-Ipw.
cm-Py-¯p-bÀ-ó i-àamb tIm¬-{K-Êv hn-cp-² hn-Im-c-am-Wv \-tc{µ-tam-Zn tam-Zn kz´w X-cw-K-am-¡n-bXv. ]m-À-«n-bv-¡v F-Xn-tc `-c-W-hn-cp-² hn-Im-c-ap-sï-óv tIm¬-{K-Êv t\-Xm-¡-sf-¡mÄ- ap-tó tam-Zn a-\-Ên-em-¡n-bn-cp-óp. A-Xn-s\ tamZn X-cw-K-am-¡n am-än-sb-Sp¯p-sIm-ïv {]-N-c-W-¯n-ep-S-\o-fw taðss¡ t\-Sm\pw _n-sP-]n-bv-¡pw \-tam-bv¡pw Bbn. A-gn-a-Xn-bv-¡v Ip-{]-kn-²n t\-Sn-b- a-{´n-am-tcbpw t\-Xm-¡-tfbpw in-£n-¡m\pw C-¡p-dn P-\w a-d-ónñ.
Xn-c-sª-Sp-¸n-se a-säm-cp {]-[m-\- kq-N-\ C-Sp-Xp-]-£-¯n-sâ A-]-N-b-amWv. B-i-b-§-tf-¡mÄ {]m-tbm-Kn-I-X-bn-eq-ón-bp-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡m-Wv Có-s¯ thm-«À-amÀ ap³-Xq-¡w \ð-Ipó-Xv F-ó-Xn-sâ i-à-am-b kq-N-\-bm-Wv C-S-Xp-]-£ I-£n-IÄ-¡v In«n-b ]-cm-P-bw. _w-Km-fnð shdpw c-ïv ko-äp-I-fm-Wv C-S-Xp-I-£n-IÄ t\-Sn-b-Xv.tI-c-f-¯n-em-I-s« F-«v ko-äp-I-fn-em-Wv C-S-Xp-I-£n-IÄ P-bn-¨Xv. Im-e-§-fm-bn ]n-´p-S-cp-ó \n-tj-[m-ß-I cm-{ão-b-¯n-t\-ä Xn-c¨-Sn Iq-Sn-bm-bn C-¡p-dn Xn-c-sª-Sp-¸v ^-ew.
cm-Py-¯n-sâ ]-Xn-\-ôma-s¯ {]-[m-\-a-{´n-bm-bn \-tc{µ-tam-Zn A-[n-Im-c-¯n-se-¯p-t¼mÄ A-t±l-s¯ Im-¯n-cn-¡pó-Xv h³ shñp-hn-fn-I-fm-Wv. H-cp kw-Øm\-s¯ `-c-W-an-Ihp-sIm-ïv H-cp cm-Py-¯n-sâ ta-[m-hn-bm-Ip-t¼mÄ shñp-hn-fnI-sf A-t±-lw F§-s\ t\-cn-Sp-óp F-óm-Wv cmPyw Däp-t\m-¡p-óXv. {]-N-c-W-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fp-sS t\-XrXzw H-ä-bv-¡v G-sä-Sp-¯v _n-sP-]n-sb hn-P-b-¯n-te-¡v \-bn-¨ \-tc{µ-tam-Zn-bp-sS hy-àn-{]-`m-hw {]-[m-\-a{´n ]-Z-¯nð A-t±l-s¯ F-{X-t¯m-fw k-lm-bn¡pw F-óXpw Im-¯n-cp-óp Im-tW-ï Im-cy-§-fm-Wv.
Nn-´n-¡p-ó cm-{ão-b-t\-Xm-hm-Wv \-tc{µ-tamZn. A-Xm-Wv A-t±-l-¯n-sâ {]-tXy-I-X-bpw. D-tZym-K-ØÀ ]-d-bpó-Xv sXm-ï-sXm-Sm-sX hn-gp-§m³ \-tam-sb- In-«nñ. ]-I-cw Hmtcm Im-cy-§Ä¡pw A-t±-l-¯n-tâXm-b A-`n-{]m-b-§fpw \nÀ-t±-i-§fpw D-ïm-Ipw. I-S-em-kn-se kn-²m-´-§-sf-¡mÄ {]m-tbm-Kn-I-X-bv-¡v ap³-Xq-¡w \ð-Ip-ó t\-Xm-hm-Wv tam-Zn. tam-Zn-sb hn-P-b-¯n-te-¡v \-bn¨ thm-«-À-am-cm-I-s« A-Xn-cp-I-hn-ª {]-Xo-£-bm-Wv tam-Zn-bnð AÀ-¸n-¡p-óXv. CXn-t\m-Sv \o-Xn ]p-eÀ-¯m³ \-tam-bv-¡v km-[n-¨n-sñ-¦nð \n-e-hnð tIm¬-{K-Ên-t\-ä-Xn-t\-¡mÄ i-àam-b Xn-cn¨-Sn `m-hn-bnð _n-sP-]n-bv-¡v t\-cn-tS-ïn h-tó-¡mw.
hn-Ik-\w F-ó hm-Kv-Zm-\-¯nð hn-izm-k-aÀ-¸n¨ thm-«À-amÀ tam-Zn- C-´y-bn-te-¡v hn-Ik-\w sIm-ïp-h-cp-sa-óv kz-]v-\w Im-Wp-ópïv. C-´y-bn-se a-äv {]-[m-\-a-{´n-am-sc t]m-se tam-Zn A-´m-cm-{ã cwK-¯v kzo-Im-cy\m-b hy-àn-b-sñ-ó-Xm-Wv a-säm-cp {]-[m-\-{]-iv\w. F-ó-mð {]-hÀ-¯-\ anI-hv sIm-ïv C-Xv ssI-h-cn-¡m-\m-Ip-ó-tX-bp-Åq. C-´y t]m-sem-cp a-tX-X-c cm-Py-¯v ssl-µ-h k-a-hmIyw D-bÀ-¯n A-[n-Im-c-¯n-te-dn-b tam-Zn-bv-¡v cm-Py-¯n-sâ \m-\-Xz-¯nð G-I-Xzw F-ó B-i-b-t¯m-Sv F-{X-t¯m-fw Iq-dv ]p-eÀ-¯m³ I-gn-bp-sa-óXpw tNm-Zy-am-Wv.
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