]-Ýn-am-{^n-¡-bnð ]-SÀ-óv ]n-Sn-¨n-cn-¡p-ó F-t_mf tcm-Kw \n-b{´-W hn-t[-b-am-¡p-ó-Xn-\v ap³-]m-bn C-cp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-¯n-e-[n-Iw t]-sc _m-[n-t¨-¡p-sa-óv temIm-tcm-Ky kw-L-S-\-bp-sS ap-ó-dn-bn-¸v. \n-e-hnð F-t_m-f I-sï¯n-b cm-Py-§Ä-¡v ]pd-ta ]-¯v cm-Py-§-fn-te-¡v Iq-Sn tcm-Kw _m-[n-¡m³ km-[y-X-bp-sï-ópw kwL-S-\ ap-ó-dn-bn-¸v \ð-In. aq-óv am-kw sIm-ïv tcm-Kw \n-b-{´-W-hn-t[-b-am-¡m³ km-[n-¡p-sa-¦nepw ]qÀ-®amb tXm-Xnð \n-b-{´-W hn-t[-b-am-I-W-sa-¦nð B-dv ap-Xð H³]-Xv am-kw h-sc ka-bw F-Sp-¡p-saópw hn-Z-Kv-²À ap-ó-dn-bn-¸v \ð-Ip-óp.
C-Xn-\n-sS F-t_mf tcm-Kw ss\-Po-cn-b-bn-se {][m-\ F-® D-Xv-]m-Z-\ ta-J-e-bnepw F-¯n-b-Xm-bn ss\-Po-cn-b-bn-se B-tcm-Ky-a-{´n Hm-Wn-_p-¨n Np-Iz A-dn-bn¨p. F-ómð ss\-Po-cn-b-bn-se {][m-\ \-K-cam-b em-tKm-kn-\v sh-fn-bn-te-¡v tcm-Kw ]-I-cpó-Xv X-S-bm³ km-[n-¨-Xm-bpw Np-Iz A-h-Im-i-s¸«p. F-t_mf tcm-Kw _m-[n-¨v cm-Py-¯v H-cp tUm-Î-À a-cn-¨-Xmbpw Np-¢ A-dn-bn-¨p.
C-Xn-\n-sS Øn-Xn Iq-SpXð-a tam-i-am-hp-I-bm-sWópw tcm-Kw \n-b-{´-Wm-Xo-X-am-bn ]-S-cp-I-bm-sWópw A-ta-cn-¡-bp-sS skâÀ-t^mÀ Uo-ko-kv I¬-t{SmÄ B³-Uv {]n-h³-j³ U-b-d-ÎÀ tSmw ss{^-U³ ]-dªp. tcm-K-¯n-s\-Xn-tc-bp-Å {]Xn-tcm-[ hm-Iv-kn³ sk-]v-Xw-_-tdm-sS ]-co-£n-¡p-sa-óv a-cp-óv \nÀ-½m-Xm-¡fm-b ¥mIv-tkm-kv-an-Xv s¥³ hy-à-am-¡n.
kntb-d en-tbm¬, sse-_o-cn-b, Kn-\n-b, ss\-Pocn-b Xp-S§n-b ]-Ýn-am-{^n-¡³ cm-Py-§-fn-em-Wv F-t_m-f \n-b-{´-Wm-Xo-X-am-bn ]-S-cp-óXv. C-tXh-sc tcm-Kw 3062 t]À-¡v _m-[n-¨n-«pïv. 1552 t]À a-cn¨p. tcm-Kw \n-b-{´-Wm-Xo-X-am-b-Xn-s\ Xp-SÀ-óv kntb-d en-tbm-Wn-te-¡p-Å kÀ-Æo-kp-IÄ F-bÀ-{^m³-kv \n-À-¯n-sh-¨n-«p-ïvv. an-¡-hmdpw Fñm cm-Py-§fpw C-hn-tS-¡p-Å hnam-\ kÀ-Æo-kv \nÀ-¯n-h¨p. \n-e-hnð tdm-bð F-bÀ sam-tdmt¡m am-{X-am-Wv kÀ-Æo-kv \-S-¯p-óXv. C-Xv Iq-Sn \-nÀ-¯-em-¡p-ó-tXm-sS ]-Ýn-am-{^n-¡ ]qÀ-®-am-bpw H-ä-s¸-Spw. hnam-\ kÀ-Æo-kv d-±m-¡pó-Xv c-£m-{]-hÀ-¯\-s¯ _m-[n-¡p-saópw bpF-kv ap-ó-dn-bn-¸v \ð-In-bn-«pïv.
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