e-£-¡-W-¡n-\v h-cpó sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ-sf \nÀ-_-Ôn-X a-b-¡p-a-cp-óp ]cn-tim-[-\-bv-¡v hn-t[-b-am-¡p-sa-óv ap-XnÀó t]m-eokv Hm-^o-kÀ hy-à-am¡n. tPm-en-Øe-¯v h-¨v \-S-¡p-ó ]cn-tim-[-\-bnð ]-cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-ó-h-tcbpw sS-Ìp-am-bn k-l-I-cn-¡m³ hn-k-½-Xn-¡p-ó-h-tcbpw tPm-en-bnð \n-óv \o-¡w sN-¿p-saópw sa-t{Sm-s]m-fn-ä³ t]m-eo-kv I-½o-j-Wdmb kÀ s_À-\mÀ-Pv tlm-K³ tlm-hv ]-d-ªp.
a-b-¡p-a-cp-óp t]m-ep-Å \n-b-a-hn-cp-² km-[-\-§-fp-sS hnð-¸-\bpw hn-X-c-Whpw \n-tcm-[n-¡p-ó-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bmWv Cu \-S-]-Sn-I-sf-óv A-t±-lw hn-i-Zo-I-cn¨p. Fñm hn-`m-K-¯n-epÅ sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ¡pw C¯-cw sS-Ìn-\v hn-t[-b-cm-tI-ïn h-cpw. F-ómð So-¨À-amÀ, Câ³-ko-hv sI-bÀ \-gv-kp-amÀ, K-Xm-K-X h-Ip-¸n-se tPm-en-¡mÀ Xp-S-§n-b-hÀ-¡v sNdn-b C-f-hp-IÄ \ð-Ip-saópw tlm-K³ tlm-hv A-dn-bn-¨p.
I-ômhpw Ip-«n-Ifpw F-ó hn-j-b-¯nð ]mÀ-e-saân-se kÀ-ÆI-£n k-t½-f-\-¯nð kw-km-cn-¡-th-bm-Wv kÀ s_À-WmÀ-Uv tlm-K³ sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ-¡v a-b-¡p-a-cp-óv ]cn-tim-[-\ GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯p-sa-óv hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¨Xv. C¯-cw \-S-]-Sn-IÄ a-b-¡p-a-cp-ó D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-óh-sc ]n-´n-cn-¸n-¡p-sa-óm-Wv I-cp-Xp-ó-sX-óv A-t±-lw hn-i-Zo-I-cn¨p. tPm-en t]m-Ip-sa-ó `-bw Imc-Ww `q-cn-`m-Kw t]-cpw a-b-¡p-a-cp-óv D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ X-¿m-dm-In-sñópw C-Xv a-b-¡p-a-cp-ón-sâ B-h-iyhpw hn-X-c-Whpw Ip-d-bm³ k-lm-bn-¡p-saópw tlm-K³ tlm-hv Nq-ïn-¡m-«n.
sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fnð B-sc-¦nepw a-b-¡p-a-cp-óv D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-ó-Xm-bn {i-²-bnð-s]-«mð A-t¸mÄ X-só hnh-cw t]m-eo-kn-s\ A-dn-bn-¡m³ sXm-gn-ep-S-a X-¿m-dm-I-W-saópw A-t±-lw Iq-«n-t¨-À¯p. BÀ-s¡-¦nepw a-b-¡p-a-cp-óv D-]-tbm-Kw \nÀ-¯-W-sa-óv B-{K-l-ap-sï-¦nð Ah-sc k-lm-bn-¡m³ t]m-eo-kv k-ó-²-am-sW-ópw F-ómð ]cn-tim-[-\-bv-¡v F-¯p-ó-h-cp-am-bn \n-Ê-l-cn-¡p-ó-hÀ-¡v A-Xn-sâ A-\-´-c-^-e-§Ä A-\p-`-hn-t¡-ïn h-cp-saópw tlm-K³ tlm-hv hy-à-am-¡n.
F-ómð sXm-gn-em-fnI-sf a-b-¡p-a-cp-óp ]cn-tim-[-\-bv-¡v hn-t[-b-cm-¡m-\p-Å Xo-cp-am-\-¯n-s\-Xn-tc sXm-gn-em-fn bq-Wn-b-\p-IÄ i-àam-b {]-Xn-tj-[-hp-am-bn cw-K-s¯-¯n. km-aqln-I kzm-X-´y-¯n-\v ta-ep-Å I-S-óp-I-b-ä-am-Wv CXv. A-ta-cn-¡-bnð C-¯-c-¯nð tPm-en-Ø-e-§-fnð a-b-¡p-a-cp-óp ]cn-tim-[-\ \-S-¯pó-Xv hym-]-I-am-bn Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨-Xm-Wv. C¯-cw sS-Ìp-IÄ \-S-¯pó-Xv kp-c-£ hÀ-²n-¸n-¡p-sa-óv I-¼-\n-Ifpw A-`n-{]m-b-s¸-Spóp. I-ų-am-cp-sS ieyw Ip-d-bv-¡m\pw sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS hn-izmky-X hÀ-²n-¸n-¡m-\pw D-Xv-]mZ-\w Iq-«m\pw C¯-cw sS-Ìp-IÄ Im-c-W-am-Ip-sa-óv I-¼-\n-IÄ Nq-ïn-¡m«n.
1960þ70 I-fnð P-\n-¨ am-Xm-]n-Xm-¡-fp-sS Ime-¯v I-ôm-hv Fó-Xv hf-sc ZpÀ-_-eam-b H-cp a-b-¡p-a-cp-óv B-bn-cp-óp. C-hÀ X-§-fp-sS Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v I-ôm-hn-sâ tZmj-s¯ Ip-dn-¨v ap-ó-dn-bn-¸v \ð-Ip-ó-Xnð ]-cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-ó-Xm-bpw tlm-K³ tlm-hv Nq-ïn-¡m-Wn-¡póp. I-gn-ª A³]-Xv hÀ-j-¯n-\n-sS I-ôm-hn-sâ i-àn A-ôn-c-«n-bn-e-[n-Iw hÀ-²n-¨n-«pïv. F-ómð ]-e am-Xm-]n-Xm-¡Ä¡pw C-Xv Ip-«n-I-fp-sS X-e-t¨m-dnð D-ïm-¡pó tZm-j§-sf Ip-dn-¨v A-dn-bnñ. C-¯-c-¯n-ep-Å I-ôm-hv h-en-¡p-ó Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡v `m-hn-bnð kv-{Io-tkm-{^o\nb t]m-ep-Å A-kp-J-§Ä h-cm³ km-[y-X-bp-ïv.
a-b-¡p-a-cp-ó \n-b-a-§-fnð Iq-Sp-Xð Cf-hv th-W-sa-óv hm-Zn-¡p-ó k-l-{]-hÀ-¯-I-cnð \n-óv hy-Xy-Ø-\m-hp-I-bm-Wv kÀ s_À-WmÀ-Uv tlm-K³ tlmhv. a-b-¡p- a-cp-óp-I-fp-sS D-]-tbm-Kw cm-Py-¯v Kp-cp-X-cam-b {]-Xym-Lm-X-§Ä kr-ãn-¡p-ó-Xm-bn ]mÀ-e-saâ-dn dn-t¸mÀ-«v ]p-d-¯p-h-ó-Xn-sâ ]-Ým-¯-e-¯n-em-Wv kÀ-ÆI-£n k-t½f-\w hn-fn-¨Xv. I-ôm-hn-s\ ¢m-Êv kn a-b-¡p-a-cp-óp-I-fp-sS K-W-¯nð \n-óv ¢m-Êv _n-bn-te-¡v D-bÀ-¯m³ tlmw A-^-tb-gv-kv ske-Îv I-½n-än Xo-cp-am-\n¨p. sl-tdm-bn\pw F-kvä-kn t]m-ep-Å i-àn-tbdn-b a-b-¡p-a-cp-óp-IÄ ssIh-iw h-bv-¡pó-Xv {I-an-\ð Ip-ä-am-bn ]-cn-K-Wn-¡-W-sa-óv C-Xn-\v \-b-]-cn-jv-I-c-W-¯n-\v K-h¬-saâv X-¿m-dm-I-W-saópw kÀ-Æ I-£n k-t½-f-\w K-h¬-saân-t\m-Sv B-h-iy-s¸-«p.
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