239 a-\p-jy-Po-h-\p-I-fp-am-bn ]-d-óp-bÀ-ó B a-te-jy³ hn-am-\w D-]{K-l km-ón-[y-anñm-¯ C-´y³-a-lm-k-ap-{Z-¯n-sâ A-Sn-¯-«n-se-hnsStbm t]m-sbm-fn-¨-Xm-Im-sa-óv hn-Z-Kv²À. a-\p-jysâtbm km-t¦-Xn-hn-Zy-bpsStbm I-®p-IÄ C-Xp-h-sc-sb-¯n-bn-«nñm-¯ Cu k-ap-{Zm-´À-`mK-¯v \nópw hn-am-\m-h-in-ã-§Ä C\n-sbm-cn-¡epw I-sï-Sp-¡m³ km-[nv-t¨-¡n-sñópw hn-Z-Kv-²À ]-d-bpóp. C-Xm-Zy-am-bm-Wv hn-am-\hpw A-Xn-ep-Å a-\p-jy-Po-h-\p-Ifpw F-ó-tó-¡p-am-bn \-ã-s¸-«p-sh-óv A-[n-Ir-XÀ k-½-Xn-¡p-ó-Xv.
A-ta-cn-¡-bn-se kn-hnð G-hn-tb-j³ hn-Z-Kv-²-cm-Wv C¯-c-sam-cp kn-²m-´w ap-tóm-«v h-¨Xv. hn-am-\-¯n-epïm-b Xotbm A-sñ-¦nð t_mw-_v kv-t^mS-\-tam ssl-Pmt¡m A-´co-£ aÀ-±-¯n-epïm-b hy-Xn-bm-\tam B-Wv hn-am-\w k-ap-{Z-¯n-te-¡v Iq-¸p-Ip-¯m³ Im-c-W-saópw C-hÀ Nq-ïn-¡m-«póp. C\n-sbm-cn-¡epw Fw-F-¨v 370 hn-am-\w I-sï-¯m³ km-[n-¡n-sñ-ó kXyw Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv th-ï-sX-ópw Cu sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯ð A-t\z-j-W-¯nð ]pXn-sbm-cp hm-Xnð Xp-d-¡m³ k-lm-bn-¡p-sa-ópw bpF-kv tIm¬-{K-Êv Aw-Kamb ssa-¡v tdm-tP-gv-kv hy-à-am¡n. N-cn-{X-¯n-se X-só G-ähpw hen-b hnam-\ Zp-c-´-am-Wv C-sXópw A-t±-lw A-`n-{]m-b-s¸-«p.
C-´y³ a-lm-k-ap-{Z-¯n-sâbpw ]-k-^n-Iv k-ap-{Z-¯n-tâ-bpw hn-im-eam-b {]-tZ-i-§Ä d-Um-dn-sâ \o-co-£-W-¯nð h-cn-I-bnñ. ]-k-^n-Iv, C-´y³ a-lm-k-ap-{Z-¯n-ep-Å A-ta-cn-¡-bp-sS Nm-c D-]-{K-l-§Ä D-¯c sIm-dn-b, h-S-¡³ ]m-In-Øm³, A-^v-Km-\n-Øm³, ssN-\ F-óo cm-Py§-sf tI-{µo-I-cn-¨m-Wv hn-t£-]n-¨n-cn-¡p-óXv. A-Xn-\mð hn-am-\w Cu k-ap-{Z ta-J-e-bv-¡v ap-I-fnð Iq-Sn ]-d-ómð d-Um-dn-ð Im-Wm³ km-[n-¡n-sñópw C-hÀ ]-d-bp-óp.
i-àam-b A-h-aÀ±-\w aq-ew ss]e-äv t_m-[-c-ln-X-\m-hp-I-bpw \n-b-{´-Ww \-ã-s¸-« hn-am-\w I-S-en-te-¡v Iq-¸p-Ip-¯p-Ibpw sN-¿m-\p-Å km-[y-X-bpw A-t\z-j-tWm-tZym-K-ØÀ ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-ópïv. hn-am-\-¯n-\v Xo-]n-Sn-¨-Xn-s\ Xp-SÀ-óv c-£-s]-Sp-¯m-\p-Å {i-a-¯n-\n-sS ss]-e-äp-amÀ a-cn-¨n-cn-¡m-saópw hn-am-\w I-S-enð ho-Wn-cn-¡m-sa-óp-ap-Å km-[y-X bpF-kv s^-U-dð G-hn-tb-j³ A-Uv-an-\n-kv-t{Sj-sâ ap³ sk-Iyq-cn-än No-^v _nñn hn³-skâv ap-tóm-«v sh-¨n-cpóp. Cu km-[y-X-bpw ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-ópïv. hn-am-\-¯n-sâ ImÀtKm sk-£-\nð C-¯-c¯n-sem-cp Xo-]n-Sp-¯tam kv-t^mS-\tam \-S-¡m-\p-Å km-[y-Xbpw hf-sc Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv.
i-àam-b ]pI-sb Xp-SÀ-óv hn-am-\-¯n-ep-Å-hÀ-¡v izm-kw ap-«ð A-\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-Ibpw ss]-e-äp-am-cnð H-cmÄ Hm-Iv-kn-P³ am-kv-Iv [-cn¨p-sIm-ïv hn-am-\w Izm-em-ew-]q-cn-te-¡v Xn-cn-sI h-cm³ {i-an-¡p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-cn-¡mw. C-XmIpw hn-am-\-¯n-sâ K-Xn-am-ä-¯n-\v Im-cWw. F-ómð \n-b-{´-Ww \-ã-s¸-« hn-am-\w k-ap-{Z-¯n-te-¡v Iq-¸p-Ip-¯n-bn-cn-¡m-saópw hn-Z-Kvv-²À ]-d-bp-óp.
hn-am-\-¯nð kv-t^m-S-I-h-kv-Xp-¡Ä D-ïm-bn-cp-ó-Xn-te-¡p-Å km-[y-Xbpw ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-óp-ïv. ImÀ-tKm-bnð \m-ev S-t®m-fw ]-g-§Ä D-ïm-bn-cpóp. C-Xn-\n-S-bnð i-àam-b kv-t^m-S-I-h-kv-Xp-¡Ä H-fn-¸n-¨n-«p-ïm-Im-\p-Å km-[y-Xbpw X-Ån-¡-f-bm-\m-Ip-I-bnñ. F-ómð hn-am-\-¯n-ep-ïm-bn-cpó ssN-\o-kv ]u-c³-am-cnð BÀ¡pw X-só `o-I-c-kw-L-S-\-I-fp-am-bn _-Ô-an-sñ-óv ssN-\o-kv A-[n-Ir-XÀ A-dn-bn¨p. ssN-\ hn-am-\-¯n-\v th-ïn-bp-Å Xn-c-¨nð I-km-Jn-Øm-\n-te-¡pw XpÀ-¡-sa-\n-Øm-\n-te¡pw hym-]n-¸n-¨n-«pïv.
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