am-c-Iam-b sa-\nRv-ssP-än-kv tcm-K-¯n-s\-Xn-tc Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v \ð-Ip-ó sa-\nRv-ssP-än-kv _n hm-Iv-kn³ Ip-«n-IÄ-¡p-Å hm-Iv-kn-t\-j³ sj-Uyq-fnð DÄ-s¸-Sp-t¯-sï-óv hm-I-kn³ t]m-fn-knI-sf Ip-dn-¨v ]Tn-¡p-ó K-h¬-saâv kwL-S-\ F³-F-¨v-Fkn-t\m-Sv \nÀ-t±-in-¨p. hm-Iv-kn-t\j-s\ Ip-dn-¨v ]Tn-¡pó tPm-bâv I½än Hm¬ hm-Iv-kn-t\-j³ B³-Uv C-½yq-ssW-tk-j-\m-Wv sa-\nRv-ssP-än-kv _n (s_-IvsÊ-tdm) Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v \ð-tI-ï-Xn-sñ-óv \nÀ-t±-in-¨-Xv.
hm-Iv-kn-\v hn-e Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv F-ó Im-c-W-¯m-em-Wv C-Xv Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v \ð-tI-ï-Xn-sñ-óv sP-kn-hn-sF \nÀ-t±-in-¨n-cn-¡p-óXv. \n-e-hn-ep-Å sX-fn-hp-I-fp-sS A-Sn-Øm-\-¯nð Ch tIm-kv-äv F-^-Îo-hm-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ km-[n-¡n-sñ-óv sP-kn-hn-sF-bp-sS {]-kv-Xm-h-\-bnð ]-d-bp-óp.
X-e-t¨m-dn-t\bpw \v-s«ñn-t\bpw s]m-Xn-ªv Im-W-s¸-Sp-ó sa-\nRv-ssP-än-kv kv-X-c-¯n-ep-ïm-Ip-ó A-Wp-_m-[-bm-Wv sa-\nRv-ssP-än-kv tcmKw. C-Xv F-{Xbpw s]-«óv I-sï-¯n Nn-In-Õn-¨n-sñ-¦nð c-à-¯nð A-Wp-_m-[-bv-¡v Im-c-W-am-hp-Ibpw C-Xv a-c-W-¯n-\v Im-c-W-am-hp-Ibpw sN-¿pw.
Nm-cn-än sa-\nRv-ssP-än-kv bp-sI-bp-sS IW-¡v A-\p-k-cn-¨v {]-Xn-hÀ-jw bp-sI-bnð am-{Xw 1870 tI-kp-IÄ dn-t¸mÀ-«v sN-¿-s¸-Sp-ópïv. A-ôv h-b-Ênð Xm-sg-bp-Å Ip-«n-I-fn-em-Wv C-Xv km-[m-c-W-bm-bn I-ïp-h-cp-óXv. {]-tXy-In-¨v H-cp h-b-Êp-Å Ip-«n-I-fnð. 2013 P-\p-h-cn-bn-emWv sa-\n-Rv-ssP-än-kv _n hm-Iv-kn-\v sse-k³-kv e-`n-¨Xv. C-Xph-sc sa-\nRv-ssP-än-kv tcm-K-¯n-\v ^-e-{]-Zam-b H-cp hm-Iv-kn³ I-sï-¯n-bn-cp-ónñ.
\n-e-hnð \ð-Ip-ó sa-\nRv-ssP-än-kv hm-I-kn³ sa-\nRv-ssP-än-kv kn tcm-K-¯n-\v F-Xn-tc-bmWv. C-Xv hm-In-kn-t\-j³ sj-Uyq-fnð DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-ïv _n hm-Iv-kn³ sa-\n-Rv-ssP-än-kv _n tcm-K-¯n-s\-Xn-tc 78 i-X-am-\w kw-c£-Ww X-cp-ó-Xm-bn I-sï-¯n-bn-cpóp. c-ïv am-kw {]m-b-ap-Å Ip-«n-IÄ-¡m-Wv hm-Iv-kn-t\-j³ \ð-Ip-ó-Xv. 8000t¯m-fw Ip-«n-I-fnð C-Xv ]-co-£n-¨n-cp-óp.
D-bÀ-ó sNe-hv Imc-Ww C-sXm-cp ]-Xn-hv hm-Iv-kn-\m-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ km-[n-¡n-sñ-óv sP-kn-hn-sF Nq-ïn-¡m-«p-óp. 73 i-X-am-\w kw-c£-Ww F-óp-Å-Xpw hm-Iv-kn-t\-j³ \n-c-kn-¡m³ Im-c-W-ambn. F-óm-ð kz-´w sN-e-hnð Ip-«n-IÄ¡v Cu hm-Iv-kn³ \ð-Ip-ó-Xn-\v X-S-Ê-anñ. hm-Iv-kn³ ]p-d-¯n-d-¡n-bn-«v A-[n-I-Im-e-am-bn-«nñm-¯-Xn-\mð C-Xv Fñm-bn-S¯pw e-`y-am-bn Xp-S-§n-bn-«nñ.
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