PÀ-½³ A-[n-\n-th-i-¯nð X-hnSp-s]m-Snbm-b {_-koð A-Xn-sâ N-cn-{X-¯n-se X-só G-ähpw henb tXmð-hn-bm-Wv Có-se s_-se slmdn-tkm-ï-bn-se kv-tä-Un-b-¯nð G-äp-hm-§n-bXv. aÕ-cw XpS-§n A-c-a-Wn-¡q-dn-\p-Ånð A-ôp tKm-fp-I-fm-Wv {_-ko-en-sâ tKmÄ h-e-bnð ]-Xn-¨-Xv. kz-´w \m-«n-ð \-Só tem-I-I-¸n-se sk-an-bnð X-só ]p-d-¯m-b-tXm-sS ^pSv-t_m-fn-s\ Po-h-izm-k-am-bn I-ïn-cp-ó cmPyw \n-cm-i-bn-embn. H-cp tZ-io-b-Zpc-´w t]m-se-bm-Wv {_-koð P-\-X X-§-fp-sS So-an-sâ ]-cmP-bw I-ïn-cp-óXv.
tem-I-I-¸v sk-an-bp-sS N-cn-{X-¯nð C-Xm-Zy-am-bn-«m-Wv H-cp Sow Ggp-tKm-fp-IÄ A-Sn-¡p-ó-Xv. 1920 \v ti-jw B-Zy-am-bn-«m-Wv {_-koð Sow C-{X-tb-sd I-\-¯ H-cp tXmð-hn G-äp-hm-§p-ó-Xv. 1920 se tem-I-¸nð D-dp-Kzm-tbmSv 6þ0 ¯n-\v tXm-ä-Xm-bn-cp-óp {_-koð N-cn-{X-¯n-ð C-Xn-\p-ap³-]p-Å \m-Ww sI« tXmðhn.
tem-I-I-¸v sk-an-bnð PÀ-½-\n-bp-sS G-ähpw h-en-b hnP-bw Iq-Sn-bm-Wv C-Xv. 1954 ð Hm-kv-{Sn-b-bv-¡v F-Xntc 6þ1 \v P-bn-¨-Xm-bn-cp-óp C-Xn-\v ap³-]v PÀ-½-\n-bp-sS t]-cn-ep-Å dn-t¡mÀ-Uv. 39 hÀ-j-¯n-\n-sS \m-«nð 63 a-Õ-c-§Ä I-fn-¨ {_-koð C-Xm-Zy-am-bm-Wv kz-´w P-\-X-bp-sS ap-ónð H-cp tXmð-hn G-äp-hm-§p-ó-Xv. AXpw C-{X-tb-sd \m-Ww sI-« co-Xn-bnð . 1975 se tIm-]m A-ta-cn-¡ a-Õ-c-¯nð s]-dp-hn-s\-Xn-tc-bm-Wv C-Xn-\v ap³-]v aª-¸-S ]-cm-P-b-s¸-«n-«p-Å-Xv.
tem-I-I-¸v sk-an-bnð PÀ-½\n-tbm-Sv I-\¯ tXmð-hn G-äp-hm-t§-ïn h-ó-Xnð {_-ko-en-sâ \m-b-I³ tU-hn-Uv eq-bn-kv am-¸p ]-dªp. Xp-SÀ-¨bm-b c-ïv I-fn-I-fnð a-ª-¡mÀ-Uv I-ï-Xn-s\ Xp-SÀ-ó ]p-d-¯n-cn-t¡-ïn h-ó Iym-]v-ä³ XnbmtKm knð-h-bp-sS A-`m-h-¯n-em-Wv tU-hn-Uv eq-bn-kv So-an-s\ \-bn-¨Xv. s\-bv-a-dp-tSbpw kn-ð-h-bp-tSbpw A-`m-hw So-an-s\ am-\-kn-I-am-bn X-fÀ-¯n-bn-cp-óp.
Zp-J-I-cam-b Zn-h-k-am-bn-cp-óp C-óv, Cu Zn-\-¯nð- \n-óv H-cp-]mSv ]Tn-¡m-\pïv. PÀ-½-\n R-§-sf-¡mÄ an-I-¨ So-am-bn-cpópþ a-Õ-c-ti-jw I®o-tcm-sS eq-bn-kv ]-dªp. {_-koð B-cm-[-I-cp-sS Nn-cn- Im-Wm-\m-Wv Bv-{K-ln-¨Xv. F-ómð A-Xn-\v km-[n-¨nñ. {_-koð P\-X-tbm-sS am-¸v ]-d-bp-I-bm-sWópw eq-bn-kv ]-d-ªp.
{_-ko-en-sâ \m-Ww sI« tXmð-hn-bv-¡v tIm-¨v eq-bn ^n-en-¸v kv-sIm-fm-cnbpw P\-X-tbm-sS am-¸v tNm-Zn¨p. F-ómð Sow ]-cm-P-b-s¸-«-Xn-sâ D-¯-c-hm-ZnXzw G-sä-Sp-¯v Xm³ cm-Pn sh-bv-¡n-sñ-óv kv-sIm-fm-cn hy-à-am¡n. X-§-fmð I-gn-bp-ó-sXñmw sN-bv-Xp F-ópw ss^-\-enð F-¯m³ km-[n-¡m-¯-Xnð Zp-J-ap-sï-ópw kv-sIm-fm-cn ]-d-ªp. C-sXm-cp Zp-c-´-am-Wv A-t±-lw Iq-«n-t¨À-¯p.
]-cm-P-b-¯n-sâ ap-gp-h³ D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw Xm³ G-sä-Sp-¡p-ó-Xm-bn kv-sIm-fm-cn ]-d-ªp. Xm³ B-tcmSpw Hópw I-Sw hm-§n-bn-«n-sñópw cm-Py-s¯ I-S-s¡-Wn-bn-te-¡v X-Ån-bn-«n-sñópw A-Xn-\-mð cm-Pn sh-bv-t¡-ï B-h-iy-an-sñópw kv-sIm-fm-cn ]-dªp. F-sâ tPm-en Rm³ Ir-Xy-am-bn sN-bv-Xn-«pïv. ]-t£ Nn-e X-{´-§Ä ]m-fn-t¸m-bn. A-Xn-sâ D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzw Rm³ G-sä-Sp-¡p-óp.þ kv-sIm-fm-cn hn-Im-cm-[o-\-\mbn. s\-bv-a-dn-sâ B-`m-hhpw So-an-s\ Im-cy-am-bn _m-[n-¨p-shópw F-ómð A-Xn-señmw D]-cn I-fn-bnð Xm-fw I-sï¯n-b PÀ-½-³ Sow hnP-bw AÀ-ln-¨n-cp-ó-Xmbpw kv-sIm-fm-cn Iq-«n-t¨À¯p.
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